Firing ceramic materials in kilns powered by mains or bottled gas.Reduction firing ceramic materials in limited air (oxygen) supplies.

Controlling the gases arising from the use of oxygen and acetylene, consisting mainly of carbon dioxide with the addition of oxides of nitrogen where an oxidising flame is used, and carbon monoxide.

The cutting of metals by means of a plasma arc that produces a high-temperature stream of ionised gas capable of cutting metal. Hand-held torches usually use compressed air as the gas but mixtures of argon and either hydrogen or nitrogen may occasionally be used.

Finely-ground borosilicate glass (coloured by trace metallic compounds) which melts at 800 to 820 °C is fused to the surface of certain metals. Kilns may be either electric or gas fired but some work can be done with a gas torch.