Manual ironing with steam and dry irons.

The forming of shapes, possibly incorporating irregular and variable cross-section, by the application of localised heat which allows relatively easy transformation by mechanically- or physically-applied effort.

Application of digital images onto synthetic fabrics. Images can also be applied to polyester-coated wood, metal, plastics and ceramics.

The production of a one-piece component from molten metal poured into the cavity of a mould which may be of sand, steel, plaster or cuttlefish ‘bone’ and the use of low-melting point metals.