Firing ceramic materials in electric kilns.

The use of an electric toaster or a sandwich toaster as a stand-alone, electrically-powered unit.

Finely-ground borosilicate glass (coloured by trace metallic compounds) which melts at 800 to 820 °C is fused to the surface of certain metals. Kilns may be either electric or gas fired but some work can be done with a gas torch.

Hot-melt adhesives are supplied as sticks of copolymers of ethene and vinyl acetate. Heat is used to melt the adhesive in the ‘glue gun’ so that drops can be applied to the materials to be joined. Bonding results when the glue solidifies on cooling. Many different types of gun are available with electric or butane cartridge heating and supplying glue at different rates.